The correct implementation of wall post according to the sixth appendix of the 2800 regulations

In architecture and building construction, the implementation of wall post is used as an effective method in strengthening structures against earthquakes and other external forces to ensure the safety and strength of buildings. In the past, traditional methods were used to implement Wall Post, but with the advancement of technology and the experiences gained in this field, more up-to-date standards and guidelines have been developed for this method. Promulgation of Appendix 6 of the 2800 standard came about as an important step in improving the rules and guidelines for the implementation of wall posts in buildings. According to the past experiences, this standard has developed new rules and regulations that have helped the designers and implementers of the structure in the correct and principled implementation of retrofitting. In this text, the differences and important points related to the traditional implementation of wall post are examined using the notification of Annex 6 of the 2800 standard. Among the reforms applied, it is possible to mention the removal of cornerings across the country, the use of new methods such as radical fastenings and interrupted studs, hooks and clamps, and forcing the use of bed rebar in an articulated manner. These changes improved the performance of retrofitting and safety of non-structural parts of the building and had a positive effect on reducing casualties caused by external forces. In the implementation of these changes, the way of implementing internal and external walls, connecting non-structural walls to each other, implementing door sills, and issues such as implementing walls in hospitals and arming the shelter wall have also been investigated.

The implementation of wall post is a practical method of restraining non-structural walls against lateral forces, among which the force caused by earthquakes, wind, etc. can be mentioned. Wall posts, which are also referred to as forced, in the form of vertical and horizontal coils, increase the resistance of the structure against external factors. By using wall post, non-structural parts can be connected to the main skeleton of the structure. It is mandatory to apply wallpaper in the retrofitting of non-structural walls based on executive regulations. The implementation of this method must be done completely with the rules and instructions of the regulations. Appendix six of the 2800 standard, as one of the regulations, specifies the necessary instructions in the implementation of the retrofitting process in different parts of the structure.

Using wall post in the areas located on the fault is very important. An earthquake can challenge the strength and safety of a building, especially its non-structural parts, and cause irreparable damages, the results of which can be clearly seen in the recent Kermanshah earthquake. For this reason, the use of the wall post method in the retrofitting process is of great importance, and its correct and principled implementation can greatly help in reducing the damage caused to the non-structural parts of the building. In this article, we discuss the challenges of restraining a non-structural wall with wallpost, the sixth appendix of the 2800 regulation, and seismic guidelines. Also, the challenges of restraining non-structural walls with wallpaper, Appendix 6 of the 2800 regulation and the guidelines for seismic strengthening of the building are also discussed.

The Wallpost method includes steps that can help strengthen the non-structural parts of the building against incoming forces. Of course, the implementation of these steps, in addition to increasing the strength and safety of various parts of the structure, is also associated with challenges that may affect the retrofitting process and the quality of its implementation in the structure. For example, in the implementation of metal and concrete wall posts, the installation of bed rebar forms one of the basic steps of conventional wall posts. The rebars of the bed are executed during the wall construction. The implementation of these rebars requires a professional executive team. This issue can have a great impact on the implementation process of retrofitting.

Implementation of bed rebar is associated with high time and costs. This challenge is recognized as a problem for structural designers. In the implementation of wallpaper, the use of vertical and horizontal forces is a requirement that comes with challenges. The implementation of compulsions can affect the retrofitting process and the speed of its implementation. The installation of these fasteners is sliding or through welding, and their design requires the use of a professional executive team, which can be challenging for structural designers. The impossibility of retrofitting with metal and concrete wall paste in buildings where wall paste was not used in the initial design is one of the challenges of applying wall paste.

The main purpose of the sixth appendix to the 2800 regulation is in the field of seismic design and non-structural implementation of architecture. This appendix deals with increasing the resistance and safety of the non-structural parts of the building by providing rules and guidelines. Various factors affect the strength of the intermediate frame wall, including the thickness of the wall, the type of materials in the design, the friction coefficient of the contact surfaces, the free distance between the frame and the intermediate frame, and shear connections. These developments have not only improved the traditional methods of post wall implementation, but have also helped to improve the performance and safety of structures by providing more up-to-date standards and regulations. The use of intermediate frames has a significant effect on the structure's resistance to earthquakes. The amount of losses in structures without intermediate frames is much higher than the structures with intermediate frames. Previously, the traditional methods of wall post implementation were used in the structure, in which there was no news of the implementation of forced or modern wall post methods.

Also, the retrofitting process did not have the necessary quality, and a fundamental revision was needed in this field. Based on this, Annex 6 of the 2800 standard was announced so that, based on the experiences gained in this field, criteria and instructions regarding the correct and principled implementation of retrofitting were developed and these criteria were provided to the designers and implementers of the structure. The implementation of these instructions was able to help a lot in arming and strengthening the non-structural parts of the building and make these parts resistant and safe against incoming forces.

Based on the same rules and instructions and in order to correct the defects of the traditional wall post method, all-over corners were removed in the retrofitting process and new methods were used instead. The use of radical fasteners, interrupted studs, hooks and clamps were among the new methods that were recommended in the new regulations in the form of a series of rules that were not used in the traditional wall post method. Also, in the mentioned methods, the designers required the use of bed rebar as a joint in which welding was not used.

After the initial introduction of Appendix 6 of the 2800 standard in relation to seismic design and non-structural implementation of architecture, in this section we intend to briefly discuss the rules for implementing wallpaper in this regulation. This includes how to implement internal and external walls, connecting non-structural walls to each other, implementing door sills, and issues such as implementing walls in hospitals and arming the shelter wall. In the following, we will introduce and review each of these criteria.

Regarding the rules and requirements of internal and external walls according to the regulations, if the length of the wall is more than 4 meters, it is mandatory to use wallpaper vertically for retrofitting; This action greatly helps to reduce the out-of-plane deviation of the walls. For forced connection to the floor of the structure, an articulated connection can be used, while the forced connection to the roof section must be done in a sliding manner, and welding or screws can also be used to make the connections. Stone wool can be used to insulate external walls against moisture.

On the other hand, in order to prevent cracking and causing damage to the walls, a layer of fiber mesh can be used to strengthen them. In the case of walls with a height of more than 3.5 meters, it is also necessary to use horizontal reinforcement to strengthen and restrain the walls. Also, the walls should not be directly connected to the ceiling, in such a case, sliding connection and the use of corners and studs can be used to restrain them.

In the process of implementing non-structural walls in the building, it may be necessary to connect two non-structural walls to each other. In such a situation, it is necessary to use metal fasteners to restrain the walls, which were used to connect the wall to the column. The use of these fasteners can control the tensile stresses that may be created inside the plane of the intersecting walls. Also, forcing can be used at the junction of these walls to separate and improve their performance.

In hospitals, especially block and panel walls, earthquakes may cause cracking. Cracks in the walls may leave the hospital's sterile space out of service access. The use of universal studs around beams and columns is necessary to prevent this from happening. Also, in these parts, compressible materials such as rock wool, which have anti-humidity properties, should be used in a specific proportion.

According to the instructions of the regulations, for the construction of shelters, the use of columns with a height of at least 1.2 meters is required, so that in special conditions These columns can be extended to a height of 1.35 meters above the roof. Also, by reducing the free length of the wall between the columns, resistance to out-of-plane loads increases. In addition, the use of rebar to reinforce the wall and its connection with the concrete wall or roof slab is an effective method in strengthening the seismic resistance of the shelter.

Various factors and factors can affect the salary and cost of running a wall mesh, which we will examine in this section. The main factor affecting the costs is the type of executive wallpaper, in each of these types, special materials are used. The cost of materials used in different wallpaper, including metal wallpaper, concrete wallpaper and mesh wall, is variable due to the difference in their design and structure. The difference in the type of design and structure of wallpost types, including metal, concrete and mesh wallposts, leads to changes in the final cost of the retrofitting process. Also, the salary and executive expenses in each of these wall posts are different according to the complexity and speed of the work in them.

The mesh wall method as a new generation wall post has a simpler work process compared to the implementation of metal and concrete wall posts and Its implementation does not require the use of experts in this field. Accordingly, with a semi-professional executive team and a lower salary, the retrofitting process can be implemented. On the other hand, in the wall mesh method, there is no need to install bed bars and vertical and horizontal reinforcements, and the simplicity of the work and the high speed of its implementation reduce costs. In addition to these cases, the scope of the project and the size of the walls can also affect the salary and cost of the wall post implementation. The scope of the project and the number of walls and their larger size, creates the need for more materials and materials to implement all types of wallpaper.

Wallposts have a significant effect on the strength and integrity of the non-structural parts of the building and make these parts resistant and safe against incoming forces and loads. Any type of wallpaper can be used to strengthen different parts of the structure according to the needs and working conditions. The use of new wall paste methods, such as wall mesh method, is very important today compared to traditional methods. Since the implementation of wallpaper is approved by executive regulations, structural designers can safely use this system in the process of retrofitting the building. In Appendix 6 of the 2800 standard, the necessary criteria and instructions for the implementation of wallpaper are mentioned, which we have introduced and reviewed in this article.