What is a CCTV camera and how does it work?

CCTV Camera is actually an abbreviation of the word closed-circuit television, which is also known in the world as a video surveillance system. It is quite clear. This is why they say CCTV because the images recorded by these cameras are transferred to a limited number of monitors or screens and unlike regular televisions, they cannot be seen by the general public. Now that you know what CCTV cameras are and the reason for their name. understood, it is necessary to learn a little about the history of these cameras and the reason for their construction.

There are different types of CCTV cameras and each one has different uses. But some of them function completely differently, because they differ in construction and technology.

But let us first examine the general working method of the CCTV camera and then go to its analog and digital models.

If you want to know how the CCTV system works, we must say that : Depending on the type of system used, the components used and the method of operation may differ.

However, the CCTV camera works as follows:
< br>1- First, the camera receives the image of the desired object. This stage begins with light hitting the object and reflecting it to the camera lens. 2- The reflected light reaches the camera's image sensor after passing through the lens. After the light reaches this part, the image sensor converts the light (mechanical signal) into an electrical signal. If you want to know more about the CCTV sensor, I suggest you read the article on CCTV sensor types. 3- After the electrical signal is generated. The camera transmits it to the image recording device using a signal interpreter. The signal can be transmitted using a wire (coaxial cable) or over the network. 4- After receiving the signal, the CCTV image recording device converts it into an image and then stores it in its memory. >
5- Now the saved image can be seen by the monitor. The monitor(s) can be monitored passively (through software) or actively (by people).

Note: The recording device can be DVR or NVR type. The type of recording device depends on the type of camera used.

A CCTV system needs at least the following in order to cover a certain area:

- One or more CCTV cameras
- CCTV lens
- Cable (for systems (non-networked)
- recorder
- power supply
- switching and synchronizer
- monitor for playing and viewing video

note: closed The number of cameras can vary depending on the area we cover. The type of camera used, its quality and also the type of camera recorder can be different.

1- Crime management

One of the most important uses of CCTV is to prevent possible crime. For example, one of the main uses of CCTV in Iran is to prevent theft from houses, crowded places, banks, shops and supermarkets. Additionally, when a crime occurs, video footage can help law enforcement officers make decisions based on evidence and documentation. Security cameras are able to monitor areas that are not easily accessible, for example: rooftops

2- Traffic monitoring on roads

For years The use of CCTV cameras in busy streets, intersections and streets has become popular. By using this camera, it is possible to control the amount of traffic in different roads of the city and to identify and track different vehicles. One of its examples is the license plate reader cameras, which can be used to identify and fine the wrong cars. Of course, these cameras are also used on intercity roads to record the speed of vehicles and save the license plates of wrong vehicles. 3- Crisis management >
Using CCTV cameras, it is possible to monitor the process of operations in critical situations online and manage different teams. For example: to manage the firefighting team in a burning building, you can use cameras inside or outside the building and check the situation. 4- Entrance and facial recognition systems b>

With the advent of facial recognition technology, the use of surveillance cameras has also undergone a change. One of the new uses of CCTV cameras is their use in entry systems based on facial recognition. In important government and security centers that require stricter control, it is more common to use these systems instead of card reader devices. In addition, countries like England use this system in public roads to control and track people.